When people are placed on equal footing, whether in power, wealth, or ability, it often breeds a certain level of uncertainty and suspicion. This paradox is captured in the phrase from equality proceeds diffidence, which can be traced back to political philosophy, particularly the ideas of Thomas Hobbes. At first glance, equality may seem like a source of harmony and cooperation. However, when individuals recognize that others are just as capable as they are of achieving goals or posing threats then mistrust can naturally follow. This topic explores the meaning of the phrase, its implications, and how it plays out in modern social, political, and psychological contexts.
Understanding the Phrase From Equality Proceeds Diffidence
The Root of the Concept
The phrase originates from Hobbes’ famous work, Leviathan, where he examines the human condition in a state of nature. In Hobbes’ view, all men are naturally equal in their abilities to harm or outwit one another. Because of this equality, no one can feel completely secure. Each person has reason to fear the ambitions and intentions of others. This fear what Hobbes refers to as diffidence, or mistrust drives individuals to preemptively protect themselves, often through conflict or defense mechanisms.
What Does Diffidence Really Mean?
In this context, diffidence doesn’t simply mean a lack of confidence, as it is commonly used today. Instead, Hobbes uses it to indicate distrust or suspicion. It’s a defensive stance that individuals take when they recognize that others have equal strength, equal cunning, and equal motivation to survive and succeed. Equality, therefore, becomes the seedbed of competition, rivalry, and even aggression.
Equality and Human Nature
The Drive for Self-Preservation
Equality among individuals creates a situation where everyone has the potential to take what another has. This realization triggers a natural instinct for self-preservation. Since others are just as capable of harming or undermining us as we are of doing the same to them, we start to see potential threats all around us. This leads not only to diffidence but also to strategies designed to maintain advantage or eliminate perceived risks.
Competition and Rivalry
In societies where equality is emphasized whether through political systems, economic opportunity, or legal rights competition often intensifies. When no one is naturally above the other, people must prove themselves through performance, status, or achievement. This results in rivalry, envy, and sometimes manipulation, all of which are fueled by diffidence. In essence, we do not simply want to be equal we want to be superior, or at the very least, safe from the ambitions of our equals.
Modern Implications of Equality Breeding Diffidence
In Politics
Democratic systems, which emphasize equality under the law and equal opportunity, often witness intense political rivalry. Political opponents are seen not just as competitors, but as existential threats. This is partly because no political actor has absolute power, and each is capable of influencing or altering the balance of power. The result is mistrust between political factions, strategic misinformation, and efforts to weaken opposition before being weakened themselves.
In the Workplace
In corporate environments where employees have similar qualifications and compete for the same promotions or recognition, a culture of diffidence can emerge. Colleagues may become wary of each other’s motives, conceal ideas, or undermine others to get ahead. While the appearance is one of equality, the underlying competition fueled by diffidence creates tension and division.
In Social Relationships
Even in friendships or communities where people see each other as equals, diffidence may arise. If everyone is equally capable of influencing group dynamics, taking leadership, or gaining popularity, mutual suspicion can develop. People begin to question intentions, fear betrayal, or act defensively, even in close relationships.
Psychological Insights into Diffidence and Equality
The Human Need for Security
From a psychological standpoint, the emergence of diffidence in an equal setting makes sense. Humans crave a sense of control and predictability. When everyone is on the same level, predicting behavior becomes harder. There’s no clear hierarchy, no fixed roles, and therefore, no certainty. The mind then fills that uncertainty with cautious assumptions and protective behavior, often misinterpreted as hostility or disloyalty.
The Paradox of Egalitarian Societies
Egalitarianism promises fairness and balance, yet it can unintentionally breed anxiety. The absence of clear dominance may sound ideal, but it often leads to an invisible arms race of influence, manipulation, and subtle competition. While no one has overt control, everyone becomes a potential rival. This paradoxical outcome where equality leads to distrust is a profound observation that continues to apply today.
Can Equality and Trust Coexist?
Building Systems of Trust
Although diffidence may arise from equality, it doesn’t have to dominate social structures. Trust-building mechanisms, such as transparency, communication, and shared goals, can counteract the fear that equality produces. When individuals see each other not only as equals but as collaborators, mutual respect can grow in place of suspicion.
Designing Institutions with Human Nature in Mind
Recognizing that diffidence naturally follows equality doesn’t mean abandoning the pursuit of equality. Instead, institutions should be designed to manage and moderate this reality. Systems of accountability, checks and balances, and conflict resolution are examples of structural solutions that help maintain both equality and peace.
Examples from History and Literature
- The Cold WarThe U.S. and the Soviet Union were relatively equal in military and nuclear capabilities, and this equality led to mutual suspicion and an arms race, not peace.
- Shakespeare’s Julius CaesarBrutus, Cassius, and other senators conspire against Caesar not just because of his power, but because they are his equals in ambition and feel threatened by his rise.
- Modern DemocraciesElections between equally matched candidates often become arenas of attack ads, misinformation, and voter manipulation all signs of diffidence at work.
The Double-Edged Sword of Equality
The phrase from equality proceeds diffidence reveals a subtle but powerful truth about human interaction. While equality may eliminate overt dominance and promote fairness, it also creates conditions where mistrust can thrive. This mistrust is not a sign that equality is wrong, but rather a reminder that human nature is complex. By acknowledging this, we can create environments that promote both equality and trust, preventing the descent into fear and rivalry. Understanding this concept can help us navigate relationships, institutions, and societies more wisely and effectively, appreciating both the benefits and challenges that come with being equals.